Informatics Publishing Limited

V. B. M. Sayana ¹, E. Arunbabu ², L. Mahesh Kumar , S. Ravichandran ², K. Karunakaran ²

Affiliations
1 St. Peters Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai- 600054, IN
2 Centre for Water Resources, Anna Univ.-Chennai, Chennai 600025

Abstract

This paper reports the response of the groundwater in the St Peter's Engineering College campus, Avadi, near Chennai, India. Artificial recharge of rainwater was done through roof top harvesting methods during 2004 to 2007. Based on a hydro geological survey of the campus, eleven bore well were sunk for augmenting water supply to the campus. The lithology of each bore well was also recorded. A percolation pond in 1 ha area on the south eastern side of the campus was dug to collect and store the rainwater harvested from rooftops of the campus buildings. The survey also assisted in the identification and location of about 70 number of recharge wells in the campus. Pumping test was conducted in well no:3 to assess the hydraulic conductivity and calculate other aquifer parameters during 2005. A three layer hydro geological model of the aquifer was applied in Visual Modflow ver 4.1 environment and the model fit was 84% between observed and predicted values (R² = 0.844). Significant increase in water level in the top aquifer during 2007 was recorded when compared to 2004. The flow profiles in the middle and deep aquifer showed responses, through changes in the direction of flow to the pumping wells (5, 6 in 2004 and 2, 3 in 2007). In 2007, with improved recharge, changes in the direction of groundwater flow and discharge of water from the aquifer in the southern part of the campus can be noticed. The flow directions in the three aquifer layers also indicated that the northern part of the study area serves as an effective recharge zone for the St Peter's Engineering College Campus. Rainwater harvesting and recharge studies form important part in groundwater restoration and management in intensely urbanized cities/townships.

Keywords

Rainwater Harvesting Methods, Aquifer Recharge, Groundwater Flow, Aquifer Test Pro, Visual Modflow

Full Text

   

Shivani Dobhal ¹, Ashok Kumar ¹, S. Ravichandran ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Genetics and Tree Propagation, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, IN
2 National Academy of Agricultural Research Management (NAARM), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Forty eight clones of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. were subjected to genetic divergence studies using Mahalanobis D² statistics. The clones were field planted in two geographical locations at Hissar, Haryana (N 29 30°17.7" E 75°33' 14'') and Hoshiarpur, Punjab (N31° 33' 31.7" E 75° 49' 0.5") to analyze different genetic parameters and divergence. At the age of eighteen months, height ranged from 41.17 cm (Clone 94) to 112.52 cm (Clone 5003) and collar diameter ranged from 0.59 cm (Clone 31) to 2.02 cm (Clone 5006). Mean value based on both primary quantitative traits expressed superiority of thirteen clones over the locations. Using Tocher's method 48 genotypes were grouped into nine clusters, whereas Cluster III and VI consists maximum eight clones each. Cluster VIII was reported to be a solo cluster. The maximum D² value (1.62) was observed between Clone 1003 (Uttarakhand) and Clone 5007 (Uttarakhand). It was therefore obvious that these divergent clones could be planted in seed orchards so that high degree of heterosis could be exhibited. Additionally such clones could possibly play an important role in production of new recombinants with maximum acquisition of traits of economic importance.

Keywords

Genetic Parameters, Divergence, Clustering, Quantitative Traits, Heterosis.

Full Text

     

S. Selvakumar ¹, S. Ravichandran ², L. Matsyagiri ¹

Affiliations
1 Swami Vivekananda Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vangapally (V), Yadagirigutta (M), Nalgonda (Dt), Telangana–508 286, IN
2 P.S.V. College of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Orappam Village, Bargur (Tk), Krishnagri (Dt), Tamilnadu–635108, IN

Abstract

A simple, specific, accurate, precise and economic Simultaneous spectrophotometric method in UV region have been developed for the determination of Ornidazole and Cefixime in bulk and pharmaceutical tablet formulations. The optimum conditions for the analysis of the drug were established. Linearity was found over the concentration range of 5-30 μg/ml for Ornidazole and 2-20 μg/ml for Cefixime. The Simultaneous UV method has been successfully applied for the analysis of drugs in tablet formulation. The results of the tablet analysis were in the range of 99.57 to 100.2 % for Ornidazole and 99.25 to 100.8 % for Cefixime, which indicated repeatability of the method. The percentage recoveries were found be 100.3 % for both the drugs indicated that the Simultaneous UV method is precise and reproducible. The Ruggdness Interday variation were found be in mean of 100.25 for Ornidazole and 99.85 for Cefixime. The Ruggedness Intraday Variation were found be in mean of 100.2 for Ornidazole and 100.18 for Cefixime.

Keywords

Ornidazole, Cefixime, UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Simultaneous Method.

Full Text

     

S. Ravichandran ¹

Affiliations
1 St. Peters Institute of Higher Education and Research, Avadi, Chennai – 600054, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: This paper describes a system and method for security at the toll booth. The system uses an alternative payment method that allows the user to make the payment quickly avoiding delay and also uses a mobile application that allows the user to recharge the mobile wallet. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Every lane has been divided based on two categories: one lane for drivers who have sufficient balance in their wallet and the other lane for the other category. The other category includes the drivers not having balance in their wallet, payment through cash in case the individual does not have the application or, mobile malfunction. The transaction is performed through radio frequency communication. The lanes at the toll-booth are divided into two sub-lanes depending upon the amount of money present inside the wallet. Findings: The smart system comprises of a database of users that are saved and have register on their mobile application. In the event of any vehicle stolen, theft case or robbery this database can be helpful in identifying the culprit and the vehicle. The database is stored at the Regional Transport Office (RTO). Application/Improvements: The invention finds applications in entrance of school, college, university and offices, airport, railway parking and at sports stadium.

Keywords

Avoid Delay, Internet of Things, Mobile Application, Mobile Wallet, Security, Sensors, Toll Gate, Wi-Fi.

Full Text

   

S. Ravichandran ¹

Affiliations
1 St. Peter's Institute of Higher Education and Research, Avadi, Chennai – 600 054, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: This paper describes a system for inspecting the pipelines used under sea water by robotic ultrasonic methods. The invention discusses the use of a series of robots inside the pipeline for the detection of defect using the ultrasonic testing. Methods/Statistical analysis: The underwater piping system is the best option for the transportation of oils and natural gases as this pipe ranges a large distance. But there is the possibility of defects such as crack, or corrosion on the wall of pipes. So in order to detect any defect on the interior surface of pipe, non-destructive testing methods are employed. As the pipeline is so long, it is impossible to go and check manually. So robots are deployed inside the pipe line for inspection. In some cases inspection of defects using a single robot is not accurate. Therefore in this present disclosure a series of the robots are deployed in the pipeline which moves to and fro motion to cover certain distance. The series of robots are placed at a specific distant to each other as there will be no collision between them. Findings: The deployed series of robots detect the defect by using the ultrasonic non-destructive testing. Ultrasonic inspection is the technology used to test the objects by directing the higher frequency sound waves onto the object to find defects on both surface and internal. This beam travels through the object with some loss, except when it is diverted and reflected by a discontinuity. The detection, location, and evaluation of discontinuities become possible as the velocity of sound into the object being tested is almost constant. Application/Improvements: The use of a series of robots in the underwear piping system enables easier and better detection of faults and blockages in the piping system.

Keywords

Camera, Corrosion, Defects, Internet of Things, Main Controller, Non-Destructive, Robots, Ultrasonic, Underwater Pipelines.

Full Text

   

S. Ravichandran ¹

Affiliations
1 St. Peter's Institute of Higher Education and Research, Avadi, Chennai – 600054, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: This paper describes an intelligent garbage monitoring system. Garbage management is an essential and mandatory process due to increase in human population and the amount of waste being accumulated. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Garbage accumulation leads to unhealthy environment and enables spreading of infections and diseases. The present invention provides a monitoring system and further includes a system to control the littering of the garbage in the vicinity of the bin aiming for a healthy and safe environment. An intelligent garbage monitoring system will be installed in all the localities and allows the monitoring party, the municipal corporation to view and take action according to the status of the garbage bin in that locality. Findings: The intelligent garbage monitoring system further has a control feature that prevents the users from spreading the waste around the vicinity of the garbage bin. The system aims for a cleaner environment and promotes a healthy life, by reducing the number of diseases that spreads due to improper waste management. Application/Improvements: The smarter garbage monitoring system enables a cleaner, healthier safer and disease free environment.

Keywords

Database, Environment, Garbage Monitoring System, Internet of Things, Litter, Municipal Corporation, Safe and Healthy Penalise.

Full Text

   

A. Arun Kumar ¹, S. Ravichandran ¹, M. Kumaresan ¹, P. Sathish ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Mech. Engg., Kalaignar Karunanidhi Institute of Tech., Coimbatore, IN

Abstract

Presently arc welded structures are extensively used in automobiles, constructions and power plants. As the main cause of weldment failure is design defect and overload, it is necessary to analyze the maximum stresses in the weldment. This work deals with investigation of welded T-joint by Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding process with varying gap and angle between the parent materials to determine the breaking stress under tensile load in the weldment. Finite element analysis is carried out using Ansys software and results are compared with experimental analysis using Taguchi optimization method. Angle, arc force and gap between parent materials are used for the Taguchi optimization technique. The optimized fillet weld section (low carbon steel AISI1020 and copper) is arrived by restricting the weldment failure.

Keywords

Arc Welded Structures, Finite Element Analysis, Welded T-Joint, TIG Welding, Taguchi Optimisation.

Full Text

   

S. Ravichandran ¹, K. Ramanathan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, Sathyabama University, Chennai-115, IN
2 Department of Physics, Thiagarajar College, Madurai-15, IN

Abstract

The Ultrasonic velocities, Density and viscosity of cholesterol in chloroform solutions for varying concentrations have been measured at 294 K. From these data, Isentropic compressibility (K_s), Intermolecular free length (L_f), Molar volume (V), Molar sound velocity(R), Molar compressibility (W), Relaxation time (t), Relative association (R_A), Free volume (V_f) and Degree of molecular interactions (α) have been calculated. These parameters are used, to explain the nature of interaction between the chloroform and cholesterol molecules of the mixtures. The variation of ultrasonic velocity shows a dip at a concentration of 9%. It is observed that the complex formation between unlike molecules occurs at the concentration of 8% and 9%. Sound velocities were evaluated based on Free Length theory and Nomoto's relation and gives good agreement with the experimental values for the system studied. Non-ideality in the liquid mixtures has been discussed in terms of U²_exp/U²_imix where U_expand U_imix are the experimental and ideal mixture velocities respectively.

Full Text

   

K. Ramanathan ¹, S. Ravichandran ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, Thiayagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai-15, IN
2 Department of Physics, Mahendra Engineering College, Mallasamudram, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Ultrasonic study of mixture of ammonium sulphate and ammonium chloride in water at different concentrations have been carried out at a frequency of 2 MHz and at 303 K. Using the ultrasonic velocity and density, adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, acoustic impedance have been calculated. The graph between ultrasonic velocity (U) and mole fraction (C_m) of ammonium sulphate in the mixed solution shows dips at a composition of 60:40 . The observed variations with different composition of the mixture are discussed.

Full Text

   

S. Ravichandran ¹, N. Jeyakumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science, Annai Fathima College of Arts and Science, IN
2 Department of Commerce, Madurai Kamaraj University Constituent College- Sattur, IN

Abstract

In this paper, present a wearable detecting glove with inserted hetero-central element optic nerve sensors that identify finger flexion to realize unconstrained hand movement checking. The hetero-main element sensor is fit to the wearable detecting glove since it's fit for optical force based estimations with great security and repeatability utilizing single-mode transmission filaments and is unaffected by temperature variances. The hetero-center sensor components are situated on the back of the hand so as that they are not influenced by arbitrary wrinkles inside the glove at the joints. Subsequently, the hetero-center flexion sensor after adjustment is equipped for recognizing the joint edges of the fingers regardless of contrasts close by size, and in this way the hetero-center detecting strategy empowers the distinguishing glove to be worked with a base number of sensor centers. The optical loss performance of the hetero-core sensors reveals monotonic characteristics with regard to the flexion angle of joints. The optical loss is 1.35dB for a flexion angle of roughly 97.2 with accuracy of 0.89◦ within the detected flexion angle. Ongoing hand movement catch was exhibited by methods for the proposed detecting glove without limiting normal human conduct.

Keywords

Hand Motion Monitoring, Hetero-Core Fiber, Glass Fiber Measurement Applications, Unconstrained and Wearable.

Full Text